The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, located in the old city of Damascus, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Muslim Architecture under The Umayyad Patronage (661-750AD). Arcades (riwaq) su… In general, the beauty of the Dome of the Rock has a world wide reputation which challenged all prejudices against Muslim architecture. ———"Light in Stone: The Commemoration of the Prophet in Umayyad Architecture." The structural aspects of these palaces show an elaborate use of the vaulting system involving the dome and barrel vaults (Qasr Amra for example). These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The geometrical pattern of both plan and elevation, and the relation between dome, arches and columns, all create a sense of harmony and unity greatly emphasised by the rich décor of polychrome marble and colourful mosaics (see forthcoming article on the Dome of the Rock). After the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 C.E., there was a … The spot where the mosque now stands was originally a temple dedicated to the idol Hadad in the Aramaean era about 3000 years ago. This was the Second Arab Civil War, or Second Fitna. The drums of the dome were originally wooden and covered with glass mosaics before being replaced in the 12th century and recently in 20th century. The exterior walls covered in quartered marble to the window line and above it in Turkish tiles (installed recently in 1554) add a special charm to the visual effect of colours and patterns. (ISSN 2076-0752)., 2018, The Three Caliphates, a Comparative Approach, Cordoba, ornament of the World. The last such conversion happened in Mosul when ISIS converted the church of St Ephrem to a mosque in 2014.The Umayyad mosque in Damascus is arguably one of the wolrd’s grandest surviving buildings from the 8 th century. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Among these complexes we refer to Qasr Amra (Jordan around 715), Qasr al-Kharanah (Jordan 711), Khirbet al-Mafjar (Jordan 743-744), and Meshatta (750 uncompleted). In decoration terms, we find high quality floral and vegetal patterns combined with some landscape ornaments covering the façade and arcades. For periods, Syria was ruled from Egypt, under the Tulunids In domestic and social life, the Umayyad Caliphs and princes lived a rural (Badiya) life in palace complexes pursuing their favourite hobbies of hunting and gardening. The courtyard is enclosed by four exterior walls. It is open every day from 9:00am-9:00pm. After the Muslim conquest of Damascus in 634, the mosque was built on the site of a Christian basilica dedicated to John the Baptist Yahya, honored as a prophet by Christians and Muslims. About the decorative part, no it's not. 'Abd al-Malik (d. 96/715). According to an inscription found on the building, the Dome of the Rock was built by the Caliph Abd-el-Malik between 691-692 (figure 1). No votes so far! It is one of world’s few major mosques that openly welcomes non-Muslims, especially Christians. The level of the stone pavement had become uneven over time due to several repairs throughout the mosque's history, but recent work on the courtyard has restored it to its consistent Umayyad-era levels. Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661–750). For this purpose they built a series of fortresses protected by strong walls and containing all necessary amenities to sustain their luxurious needs. A new Umayyad, Marwan, from a separate branch of the family, took the throne and opposed Ibn al-Zubayr, claiming power for the Umayyads. All mosques in Saudi Arabia point towards Makkah. The Umayyad dynasty was overthrown by the Abbasid dynasty in 750, who moved the capital of empire to Baghdad. He appointed one of his This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Located in the old city of Damascus, Muslims consider it to be one of the holiest mosques. The ground plan of the Umayyad Mosque is rectangular in shape and measures 97 meters (318 ft) by 156 meters (512 ft). Be the first to rate this post. It succeeded the Rashidun Caliphate when Muawiyah I became Caliph after the First Muslim Civil War. Decades later, the Islamic Caliphate came under the rule of the Umayyad dynasty which chose Damascus to be … The reality is that the whole complex is called Al-Haram Ash-Sharif which embraces both buildings. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. The Umayyad architectural splendour is experienced in both religious and domestic buildings. Umayyad Mosque (Damascus) - 3D Virtual Tour Umayyad Mosque (Damascus) virtual tours can be started by clicking the preview window or by downloading the stand-alone versions. Discover the golden age of Muslim civilisation. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. All Rights Reserved. Umayyad Mosque The Umayyad Mosque (Arabic: الجامع الأموي), also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus (Arabic: جامع بني أمية الكبير, romanized: J ———"Umayyad Survivals and Mamluk Revivals: Qalawunid Architecture and the Great Mosque of Damascus." In decorative terms, these palaces gathered the most exquisite forms of architectural décor extending from mosaic floors (al-Mifjar), to walls tilted with decorated tiles and stucco which consisted of geometrical and vegetal representation (Meshatta). Prior to the advent of Islam, the Umayyads were a largely merchant family of the Quraysh tribe centered at Mecca. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. The mihrab mosques is flankedof bySamarra, two bays,built by the caliph corresponding al-Mutawakkil to the treasury chamber (232–47/847–61). Summarised extracts from a full article: Muslim Architecture under The Umayyad Patronage (661-750AD) by Rabah Saoud Sometimes referred to as the Grand Mosque of Damascus, it is known for its intricate architectural beauty with elegant color combinations that are accentuated by the lighting. All mosques in the city of Makkah point towards the Masjid al Haram, which has the Kaaba. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Located in the heart of the Ancient City of Damascus, The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, is one of the oldest and holiest Islamic monuments in the world. Comparative Approach, Cordoba, ornament of the Umayyad decorative art... and the Great Mosque a... Churches to mosques since the 7 th century, including some of these cookies will stored. War, or Second Fitna occupies the northern part of the Quraysh tribe centered Mecca... 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